Correlation analysis of Trial of Org 10172 in acute stroke treatment classification and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score in acute cerebral infarction with risk factors

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the Trial of Org 10172 in acute stroke treatment classification and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of acute cerebral infarction as well as acute cerebral infarction's risk factors. METHODS: The clinical data of 3,996 patients with acute cerebral infarction hospitalized in Hebei Renqiu Kangjixintu Hospital from January 2014 to November 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. According to Trial of Org 10172 in acute stroke treatment, they were divided into five groups: arteriosclerosis, cardio cerebral embolism, arterial occlusion, other causes, and unknown causes. Through questionnaire design, routine physical examination, and physical and chemical analysis of fasting venous blood samples, the risk factors were evaluated, and the correlation between Trial of Org 10172 in acute stroke treatment classification and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale classification was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. In addition, the relationship between National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score and risk factors in different groups was compared, and the correlation between Trial of Org 10172 in acute stroke treatment classification and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was analyzed. RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes, atrial fibrillation or stroke history, age, and education level were related to Trial of Org 10172 in acute stroke treatment classification. In the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale comparison, the scores of the cardio cerebral embolism group were significantly higher than those of the other four groups, and patients with diabetes, atrial fibrillation, or stroke history had a high share, especially atrial fibrillation (33.06%). CONCLUSIONS: The nerve function defect is more serious after acute cerebral infarction with cardiogenic cerebral embolism, indicating a poor prognosis.

Compartilhamento de dados de pesquisa em saúde: iniciativas do National Institutes of Health (NIH) / Sharing health research data: National Institutes of Health (NIH) initiatives / Compartición de datos de investigación en salud: iniciativas de los National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Este artigo apresenta um levantamento e uma análise das políticas e infraestruturas de compartilhamento de dados de pesquisa em saúde adotadas pelos institutos e centros que compõem o NIH ­ National Institutes of Health (Institutos Nacionais de Saúde), organismo norte-americano de pesquisa biomédica. A partir de pesquisa bibliográfica sobre definições e conceitos abordados neste estudo, o trabalho empírico consistiu na realização de buscas, nos sites dos institutos, centros e escritório central do NIH, de iniciativas de abertura e compartilhamento de dados de pesquisa. Localizaram-se no escritório central no NIH áreas responsáveis por essas ações, e foram identificados políticas e repositórios de compartilhamento de dados cadastrados no diretório de busca da NLM ­ U.S. National Library of Medicine (Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina dos Estados Unidos). Como resultado, foram feitas análises sobre cada uma dessas iniciativas, considerando: as principais políticas de dados adotadas e seus principais objetivos, tipos e níveis de acesso e de publicação dos dados, formas de inserção e contribuição de dados, existência ou não de códigos de conduta, principais áreas de pesquisa envolvidas, tipos de repositórios (temáticos ou institucionais). As considerações finais fornecem subsídios para debates sobre diferentes tipos e abordagens de abertura e compartilhamento de dados de pesquisa científica, indicando questões pertinentes aos desdobramentos futuros da pesquisa

This paper presents a review and an analysis of health research data sharing policies and frameworks adopted by the institutes and centers of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), an American medical research agency. From a literature study of definitions and concepts approached in this study, the empirical research consisted in searches on the internet sites of the institutes, centers and the Office of the Director (central office at NIH) of initiatives to open access and sharing of research data. The responsible areas for these actions were located at the NIH Office of the Director and data sharing policies and repositories were identified in the National Library of Medicine (NLM) search directory. Then, an analysis of each one of these initiatives were carried out taking account: the main data policies adopted and their main objectives, kinds and levels of access and of published data, forms of insertion and contribution of data, whether or not codes of conduct are observed, main research areas involved, kinds of repositories (thematic or institutional). Final considerations provide inputs for discussions about different kinds and approaches to open access and scientific research data sharing, indicating suitable issues for future research developments

Este artículo presenta un levantamiento y el análisis de las políticas e infraestructuras de compartición de datos de investigación en salud adoptadas por los institutos y centros que componen el National Institutes of Health (NIH), agencia de investigación médica de los Estados Unidos. A partir de la investigación bibliográfica sobre definiciones y conceptos abordados en este estudio, el trabajo empírico consistió en la realización de búsquedas en los sitios de internet de los institutos, centros y oficina central de los NIH, de iniciativas de acceso abierto y compartición de datos de investigación. Se ubicaron en la oficina central de los NIH áreas responsables de esas acciones, y se identificaron políticas y repositorios de compartición de datos registrados en el directorio de búsqueda de la National Library of Medicine (NLM). Como resultado, se realizaron análisis sobre cada una de esas iniciativas, considerando: las principales políticas de datos adoptadas y sus principales objetivos, tipos y niveles de acceso y de publicación de los datos, formas de inserción y contribución de datos, existencia o no de normas de conductas, principales áreas de investigación involucradas, tipos de repositorios (temáticos o institucionales). Las consideraciones finales proporcionan contribuciones para debates sobre diferentes tipos y enfoques de acceso abierto y compartición de datos de investigación científica, indicando cuestiones pertinentes a los desdoblamientos futuros de la investigación

Is there any association between National Institute of Health category IV prostatitis and prostate-specific antigen levels in patients with low-risk localized prostate cancer?

ABSTRACT Purpose We investigated the association between National Institute of Health category IV prostatitis and prostate-specific antigen levels in patients with low-risk localized prostate cancer. Materials and Methods The data of 440 patients who had undergone prostate biopsies due to high PSA levels and suspicious digital rectal examination findings were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of accompanying NIH IV prostatitis. The exclusion criteria were as follows: Gleason score>6, PSA level>20ng/mL, >2 positive cores, >50% cancerous tissue per biopsy, urinary tract infection, urological interventions at least 1 week previously (cystoscopy, urethral catheterization, or similar procedure), history of prostate biopsy, and history of androgen or 5-alpha reductase use. All patient's age, total PSA and free PSA levels, ratio of free to total PSA, PSA density and prostate volume were recorded. Results In total, 101 patients were included in the study. Histopathological examination revealed only PCa in 78 (77.2%) patients and PCa+NIH IV prostatitis in 23 (22.7%) patients. The median total PSA level was 7.4 (3.5–20.0) ng/mL in the PCa+NIH IV prostatitis group and 6.5 (0.6–20.0) ng/mL in the PCa group (p=0.67). The PSA level was≤10ng/mL in 60 (76.9%) patients in the PCa group and in 16 (69.6%) patients in the PCa+NIH IV prostatitis group (p=0.32). Conclusions Our study showed no statistically significant difference in PSA levels between patients with and without NIH IV prostatitis accompanying PCa.

The Einstein-Brazil Fogarty: A decade of synergy

Abstract A rich, collaborative program funded by the US NIH Fogarty program in 2004 has provided for a decade of remarkable opportunities for scientific advancement through the training of Brazilian undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral students from the Federal University and Oswaldo Cruz Foundation systems at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. The focus of the program has been on the development of trainees in the broad field of Infectious Diseases, with a particular focus on diseases of importance to the Brazilian population. Talented trainees from various regions in Brazil came to Einstein to learn techniques and study fungal, parasitic and bacterial pathogens. In total, 43 trainees enthusiastically participated in the program. In addition to laboratory work, these students took a variety of courses at Einstein, presented their results at local, national and international meetings, and productively published their findings. This program has led to a remarkable synergy of scientific discovery for the participants during a time of rapid acceleration of the scientific growth in Brazil. This collaboration between Brazilian and US scientists has benefitted both countries and serves as a model for future training programs between these countries.

Hallazgos clínicos y oftalmológicos en niños con neurofibromatosis 1 / Clinical and ophthalmological findings in children with type 1 neurofibromatosis

Este trabajo tuvo por objetivos determinar la incidencia en nuestro medio de los criterios diagnósticos del National Institutes of Health (NIH) en niños con Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), comparar con estadísticas publicadas, analizar los hallazgos oftalmológicos, el valor de los estudios complementarios y establecer criterios de seguimiento. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio retrospectivo que incluyó 245 pacientes que ingresaron al Hospital de Pediatría Garrahan entre los años 1988 y 2010. Se diagnosticó NF1 en la primera consulta multidisciplinaria, utilizando los criterios de NIH, efectuándose en algunos niños neuroimágenes y potencial evocado visual (PEV). Resultados: El 92% de los pacientes presentó manchas café con leche; 40.8% neurofibromas, 75.5% nódulos de Lisch; 38.8% efeliloides; 16.3% glioma del nervio óptico; 16.3% displasia esquelética y 49% fueron hereditarios. Evidenciamos 1.76 miopías por cada hipermetropía. Conclusiones: Las frecuencias halladas coinciden con reportes previos, a excepción de las efeliloides, con incidencia menor. Realizamos de elección resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN), aún en pacientes asintomáticos, repitiéndolas bianualmente y examen oftalmológico cada seis meses hasta los ocho años. No indicamos actualmente PEV (AU)

The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) diagnostic criteria in children with Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) in our setting, to compare them with the published statistical data, ophthalmological findings, the importance of complementary studies, and to establish follow-up criteria. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study including 245 patients that were admitted to the Pediatric Hospital Garrahan between 1988 and 2010. NF1 was diagnosed at the first multidisciplinary visit, using the NIH criteria. Neuroimaging and visual evoked potentials (VEP) were performed in some of the children. Results: 92% of the patients had café au laity spots; 40.8% neurofibromas; 75.5% Lisch nodules; 38.8% ephelides; 16.3% optic-nerve glioma; and 16.3% skeletal dysplasia. The disorder was hereditary in 49%. For each hypermetry,1.76 myopias were observed. Conclusions: These rates found were according to previous reports, except for ephelides, which were less common. Elective magnetic resonance imaging (MRI ) was performed, even in asymptomatic patients, and was repeated biannually and ophthalmological examination was done every six months until nine years of age. Currently, we do not indicate VEP

Histopathologic diagnosis of chronic graft-versus-host disease of the oral mucosa according to the National Institutes of Health Consensus / Diagnóstico histopatológico da doença do enxerto contra hospedeiro crônica da mucosa oral conforme Consenso do National Institutes of Health

Objective To validate the minimal criteria of the histopathologic diagnosis of oral chronic graft-versus-host disease, based on the histopathologic classification of the National Institutes of Health and correlate them with clinical features. Methods Forty-one specimens containing both oral mucosa and salivary glands were analyzed in slides stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The histological specimens were blindly examined by two trained pathologists using criteria recommended for the histopathologic diagnosis of chronic graft-versus-host disease proposed by the National Institutes of Health Consensus. The clinical classification of chronic graft-versus-host disease was correlated with analysis of slides. Results: Our data showed that the epithelium was involved in 39/41 specimens, presenting acanthosis (29/70.7%), exocytosis of lymphocytes (29/70.7%), thickening of basal lamina (29/70.7%), and apoptosis (15/36.6%). Connective tissue presented interstitial inflammatory infiltrate (38/92.7%). Minor salivary glands showed periductal fibrosis (38/92.7%), mixed periductal inflammatory infiltrate (32/78%), ductal ectasia (30/73.2%), lymphocytes around and into acinar units (30/73.2%), and interstitial fibrosis (29/70.7%). The most common clinical manifestations were lichenoid aspect (40/97.6%), complaints of sensitivity to oral feeding (38/92.7%), and dry mouth sensation (36/87.8%). Conclusion This study validated the National Institutes of Health Consensus of minimal histologic criteria for diagnosis of oral chronic graft-versus-host disease and has not found an association between the severity of clinical manifestation and the histopathological stage. .

Objetivo Validar os critérios mínimos de diagnóstico histopatológico da doença do enxerto contra hospedeiro crônica oral, com base em critérios de classificação do National Institutes of Health, e correlacioná-los com as características clínicas. Métodos Quarenta e um espécimes contendo mucosa oral e glândulas salivares foram analisados em lâminas coradas por hematoxilina-eosina. Os espécimes histológicos foram avaliados de forma cega, por dois patologistas calibrados, utilizando os critérios recomendados para diagnóstico histopatológico de doença do enxerto contra hospedeiro crônica propostos pelo Consenso do National Institutes of Health. A classificação clínica da doença do enxerto contra hospedeiro crônica foi correlacionada após a análise das lâminas. Resultados Nossos resultados mostraram que o epitélio estava comprometido em 39/41 espécimes, apresentando acantose (29/70,7%), exocitose de linfócitos (29/70,7%), espessamento da lâmina basal (29/70,7%) e apoptose (15/36,6%). O tecido conjuntivo apresentou infiltrado inflamatório intersticial em 38 (92,7%) casos. Nas glândulas salivares menores, observaram-se fibrose periductal (38/92,7%), infiltrado inflamatório periductal misto (32/78%), ectasia ductal (30/73,2%), linfócitos em torno e migrando para dentro dos ácinos (30/73,2%), e fibrose intersticial (29/70,7%). As manifestações clínicas mais comuns foram mucosa de aspecto liquenoide (40/97,6%), queixa de sensibilidade bucal ao se alimentar (38/92,7%), e sensação de boca seca (36/87,8%). Conclusão Os critérios mínimos para o diagnóstico histopatológico da doença do enxerto contra hospedeiro crônica oral, com base no Consenso do National Institutes of Health, foram ...

Cultural Adaptation of the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) - to Brazilian Spoken Portuguese: NIH-CPSI (Braz)

Objectives To create a Brazilian version of the National Institutes of Health – Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) using a cross-cultural adaptation process. Materials and Methods The nine items of the NIH-CPSI were translated to Portuguese, by two independent translators, of native Portuguese language origin, and it was obtained a single version, that was retranslated to English by two English native spoken translators, in order to correct any discrepancies. Those versions were compared to the original text, the modifications were applied and it was created a final version in Portuguese. That was pre-tested and applied to 30 patients with pain or perineal or ejaculatory disorder. To each item of the pre-final version it was assigned a score according to the grade of understanding and clarity in order to implement the adequate corrections. The final version in Portuguese was submitted to evaluations including face validation and psychometric proprieties of reproducibility and internal consistency, respectively evaluated by the (p) Pearson correlation coefficient and α Cronbach coefficient. Results All items applied to 30 patients during pre-test phase had a grade higher than 8 of understanding and clarity, and were considered clearly understandable by the patients. However, at face validation evaluation, there was an inconsistency of item three that was redone. The final produced version, called NIH-CPSI (Braz) showed good reproducibility (p = 0.89-0.99) and internal consistency (α Cronbach coefficient = 0.85-0.93). Conclusions NIH-CPSI was adapted to Brazilian spoken Portuguese and its original proprieties were maintained, being a valid instrument for evaluations of symptoms of chronic prostatitis in Brazilian patients. .

Efectividad y tolerabilidad de la citicolina en el ictus isquémico agudo, estudio aleatorizado, doble ciego comparado con placebo / Effectiveness and tolerabilidad of the citicolina in the sharp ischemic ictus, I study randomized, blind double compared with placebo

Estudios previos sugieren que la CDP colina reduce los síntomas neurológicos en pacientes con isquemia cerebral. Acelerando la recuperación de los síntomas motores, la conciencia y disminuyendo el volumen del infarto. Evaluar la efectividad de Citicolina en el Ictus agudo. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, aleatorizado, doble ciego de grupos paralelos. Un grupo recibió adicionalmente al tratamiento convencional citicolina 1000 mg endovenoso cada 12h. por 3 días, luego 2g VO por 6 semanas y otro placebo. Se evaluaron: NIHSS, BARTHEL y RANKIN, neuroimagen a través de Tomografía Helicoidal Cerebral, a las 3 y 6 semanas. Participaron 77 pacientes, 65 ingresaron a análisis. BARTHEL. Con un punto de corte de 50, en el grupo citicolina al final del tratamiento, el 55 por ciento fueron independientes y en el grupo que recibió placebo, 43.3 por ciento pacientes fueron independientes (P: 0.52). RANKIN: El punto de corte es menor de 3. Al final del tratamiento tuvieron un escore menor de 3 puntos, 33.3 por ciento pacientes en el grupo placebo y 45 por ciento en el grupo que recibió Citicolina (P 0.002). El volumen final del infarto fue inferior en el grupo que recibió citicolina (P 0.057). Tolerancia: Un paciente en el grupo activo con antecedente de ulcus gástrico, sangró; no se reportaron efectos adversos en el grupo placebo. La citicolina fue superior a placebo para mejorar el porcentaje de pacientes independientes después de un episodio de ictus, producido por la oclusión de la cerebral media.

Avaliação do impacto da cirurgia refrativa na qualidade de vida por meio do questionário NEI-RQL (National Eye Institute Refractive Error Quality of Life) / Evaluation of the impact of refractive surgery on quality of life using the NEI-RQL (National Eye Institute Refractive Error Quality of Life) instrument

OBJETIVOS: Mensurar o impacto da cirurgia refrativa nos diversos aspectos da qualidade de vida avaliados por meio do questionário National Eye Institute Refractive Error Quality of Life (NEI-RQL). Avaliar a sensibilidade da nossa versão em língua portuguesa do NEI-RQL, para detectar mudanças clinicamente significativas, decorrentes da cirurgia. MÉTODOS: Um total de 96 pacientes da Universidade Federal de São Paulo completaram o NEI-RQL antes e após a realização de cirurgia fotorrefrativa, entre março de 2002 e abril de 2003. Baseados nas respostas dos pacientes, foram calculados escores para cada uma das 13 escalas que compõem o questionário. Foram comparados os escores obtidos antes e após cirurgia. A sensibilidade do questionário foi avaliada por meio do cálculo da magnitude de efeito para cada escala. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se um aumento estatisticamente significante nos escores de todas as escalas do NEI-RQL. O questionário mostrou-se sensível para detectar mudanças decorrentes da cirurgia refrativa, tendo a magnitude de efeito variado de 0,4, na escala "ofuscamento" a 4,19, na escala "expectativas". CONCLUSÕES: O questionário NEI-RQL mostrou-se sensível para detectar mudanças clinicamente significativas na qualidade de vida, decorrentes da cirurgia fotorrefrativa, tendo-se verificado aumento nos escores de todas as escalas do NEI-RQL.

Application of log-linear models to cancer patients: a case study of data from the National Cancer Institute.

Cancer is a noninfectious disease which is on the increase throughout the world and has become a serious problem for public health in many countries, including Thailand. In Thailand, cancer has risen significantly to become a leading cause of death and most patients are admitted to the National Cancer Institute. The objective of this study is to identify the associated factors between personal, cancer/clinical variables of cancer patients using log-linear models. Tests of independence are used (chi-square and Cramer's V-value tests) to find out the relationships between any two variables. In addition two- and three-dimensional log-linear models are used to obtain estimated parameters and expected frequencies for these models. Amongst the models fitted, the best are chosen based on the analysis of deviance. The results of this study show that most paired variables of personal, cancer/clinical variables are significantly related at p-value <0.05. For both male and female patients, the variable site of the cancer is highly related to marital status, diagnostic evidence and treatment, which provide the highest Cramer's V value. Moreover, the site of cancer also affects the method of diagnostic evidence and treatment. Since the site of cancer in each sex is different, prevention for various sites of cancer should be considered for each specific sex. In addition, for male and female patients, treatment is related to the site of cancer. Consequently, physicians may consider these factors before selecting the appropriate method of treatment.

Research bioethics training in Bangladesh.

The Bangladesh Medical Research Council is implementing a training program on research bioethics under International Bioethics Education and Career Development Award of Fogarty International Center of National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA. The ultimate goal of the program is to improve ethical practice in implementation of health research through capacity strengthening of the professionals involved in health research in Bangladesh. The duration of the program is 4 years and it has started from the year 2002. The first year (2002-2003) was assigned for curriculum development. Several workshops, focus group discussions and consultative meetings were organized during 2002-2003 and curriculum was developed. Under this training program every year 2 Certificate Courses on Research Bioethics (CCRB) with a duration of 10 weeks will be conducted for 40 participants (20 participants in each batch). Each year one Advance Course on Research Bioethics (ACRB) will be organized for 10 participants with a duration of 6 days. The courses are to be conducted during 2nd, 3rd and 4th year. The Certificate Course on Research Bioethics is intended for multidisciplinary participants having previous experience in research methodology while the Advance Course on Research Bioethics will target for training the members of Ethics Review Committees of the country. Through this program one hundred fifty Bangladeshi professionals will get adequate training on research bioethics. The training program will be implemented by national experts with technical assistance from distinguished international scientists in the field.

Manejo agudo del infarto cerebral / Acute management of cerebral infarction

Las estrategias terapéuticas contra el infarto cerebral agudo están encaminadas, por una parte, a restaurar el flujo sanguíneo cerebral (FSC) y, por otra, a modificar las alteraciones bioquímicas que ocurren en la cascada isquémica (neuroprotección) con el fin de reducir el volumen del tejido cerebral dañado. Trombólisis intravenosa La trombólisis se basa en el reconocimiento de que la mayoría de los eventos isquémicos cerebrales se deben a la oclusión arterial cerebral. Administrada por vía intravenosa es posible reestablecer el FSC, aunque su uso se asocia con un elevado riesgo de hemorragia cerebral. En los últimos cinco años se reportaron cinco ensayos clínicos controlados en los que se utilizaron diferentes trombolíticos. Los estudios realizados con estreptokinasa fueron suspendidos prematuramente por la elevada frecuencia de complicaciones hemorrágicas, por lo que su uso está proscrito en EVC. Por otra parte, en 1996 la Food and Drug Administration, con base en un estudio realizado en los Institutos Nacionales de Salud de los Estados Unidos, aprobó el uso del activador tisular del plasminógeno humano (rtPA) para su uso en las primeras horas de un infarto cerebral. A continuación se resumen los aspectos más importantes de éste y el resto de los estudios relacionados con el tema.